Diary Adelaide
Appendix
List of Sources and Footnotes
(40) Pastor Ludwig Neuman (1811-????) Page is in Portuguese; under the Junho (June) 1827 there is the following entry: "Protestantism in Brazil - June 1827: Founding of the German-French Protestant Community of Rio de Janeiro on the initiative of the Prussian Consul Wilhelm von Theremin. Lutherans and Calvinists. First pastor: Ludwig Neumann. First sanctuary 1837 (rented); The building itself was opened in 1845. See also Heinrich Neumann (medical doctor)
(41) Rio Grande the village opposite to Rio de Janeiro was named "Vila Real da Praia Grande" (royal city of the long beach) at the time CWS visited Rio de Janeiro.(42) Organ Mountains is the rock formation Gawler Ranges in the Gawler Ranges National Park, whose volcanic basalt rocks are known as "Organ Pipes".(43) Lutheran Society was founded in 1836 as the "Dresdener Mission" and moved to the "Evangelisch-Lutherische Missionswerk Leipzip (LMW)" in 1848 as the "Leipzig Mission" in Leipzig.(44) Berlin Society emerged from the "Society for the Promotion of Evangelical Missions among the Gentiles (1824 - 1907).(45) Uniting Churches The Lutheran and Reformed or Calvinist branches of the Reformation emerged independently of each other in the first half of the 16th century. Attempts to unite the two branches failed. The Napoleonic Wars led to church unions at the beginning of the 19th century in some areas of Germany where the two Protestant denominations had previously existed in parallel.(46) Carl Wilhelm von Theremin (1784-1852) was the Hamburg (Prussian) consul in Rio de Janeiro(47) Club Germania Item is in German language.(48) Rev. Justin Spaulding arrived in Rio de Janeiro in 1836. His ministry was distinguished by his generous distribution of the Bible, an activity unparalleled in this country, his anti-slavery advocacy, and the founding of a small school. These were forerunners of the two major focuses of the Brazilian Methodists: education and proclamation of the gospel.(49) Pastor Tilbury(50) Catechism The catechism is a manual of instruction on the fundamental questions of the Christian faith.